Dictionary Codes
Dictionary Codes
The dictionary entries contain a number of abbreviations and codes, mainly to reduce storage usage and display space.
Part of Speech
Updated 2008-04-06.
CODE | MEANING | CODE | MEANING | CODE | MEANING | CODE | MEANING |
abbr | abbreviation | adj-i | adjective (keiyoushi) | adj-na | adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi) | adj-no | nouns which may take the genitive case particle "no" |
adj-pn | pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi) | adj-f | noun, verb, etc. acting prenominally | adj-t | "taru" adjective | adv | adverb (fukushi) |
arch | archaism | aux | auxiliary | aux-v | auxiliary verb | conj | conjunction |
ctr | counter | col | colloquialism | exp | Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.) | fam | familiar language |
fem | female term or language | gikun | gikun (meaning) reading | hon | honorific or respectful (sonkeigo) language | hum | humble (kenjougo) language |
id | idiomatic expression | int | interjection (kandoushi) | iK | word containing irregular kanji usage | ik | word containing irregular kana usage |
io | irregular okurigana usage | MA | martial arts term | male | male term or language | m-sl | manga slang |
n | noun (common) (futsuumeishi) | n-adv | adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi) | n-t | noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi) | obs | obsolete term |
obsc | obscure term | oK | word containing out-dated kanji | ok | out-dated or obsolete kana usage | pol | polite (teineigo) language |
prt | particle | pref | prefix | sl | slang | sens | term with some sensitivity about its usage |
suf | suffix | uK | word usually written using kanji alone | uk | word usually written using kana alone | v1 | Ichidan verb |
v5 | Godan verb (not completely classified) | v5u, v5k, etc. | Godan verb with `u', `ku', etc. endings | v5k-s | Godan verb - Iku/Yuku special class | v5aru | Godan verb - -aru special class |
v5uru | Godan verb - Uru old class verb (old form of Eru) | vi | intransitive verb | vs | noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru | vs-s | suru verb - special class |
vk | Kuru verb - special class | vt | transitive verb | vulg | vulgar expression or word | vz | Ichidan verb - -zuru special class (alternative form of -jiru verbs) |
P | "Priority" entry, i.e. among approx. 20,000 words deemed to be common in Japanese | X | rude or X-rated term (not displayed in educational software) | - | - | - | - |
ENAMDICT only
s |
surname/family-name |
m | male given name |
f | female given name | u | unclassified name |
p |
place name |
h | full name of a person |
- | - | - | - |
Miscellaneous
For more information about the P (Priority) markers, see the Word Priority Marking section in the http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/%7Ejwb/edict_doc.html#IREF05 JMdict/EDICT documentation.
The following abbreviations are used in the Names dictionary file.
CODE | MEANING | CODE | MEANING | CODE | MEANING | CODE | MEANING |
uk | word usually written using kana alone | abbr | abbreviation | arch | archaism | ateji | ateji reading of the kanji |
col |
colloquialism | derog | derogatory term |
ek | exclusively kanji, rarely just in kana | fam | familiar language |
fem | female term or language | gikun | gikun (meaning) reading | hon | honorific or respectful (sonkeigo) language | hum | humble (kenjougo) language |
id | idiomatic expression | iK | word containing irregular kanji usage | ik | word containing irregular kana usage | io | irregular okurigana usage |
MA | martial arts term | male | male term or language | m-sl | manga slang | obs | obsolete term |
obsc | obscure term | oK | word containing out-dated kanji | ok | out-dated or obsolete kana usage | pol | polite (teineigo) language |
sens | term with some sensitivity about its usage | sl | slang | uK | word usually written using kanji alone | vulg | vulgar expression or word |
In entries which are Japanese idiomatic expressions, aphorisms, etc. the literal translation of the Japanese is sometimes shown in paretheses, preceded by "lit:". Also where the Japanese word has been constructed by transliteration of two or more foreign words or word fragments (e.g., a waseieigo - Japanese-made English), the source words are shown in parentheses, preceded by "trans:".
Language Codes
In addition to the codes above, for gairaigo which have not been derived from English words, the source language has been indicated using the three-letter codes from the ISO 639-2:1998 "Codes for the representation of names of languages" standard, e.g. ``(fre: avec)". http://xml.coverpages.org/iso639a.html
Dialects
Also there are tags which indicate that a word or phrase is associated with a particular regional language variant within Japan:
- ksb: Kansai-ben
- ktb: Kantou-ben
- kyb: Kyoto-ben
- kyu:
- osb: Osaka-ben
- thb:
- tsb: Tosa-ben
- tsug:
- Write My Essay For Me